2021考研英语一冲刺阅读模拟试题练习2
2021考研英语一冲刺阅读模拟试题练习2
考研冲刺阶段最不可缺少的就是临场模拟，不仅要适应考场的紧张气氛，还要进行查漏补缺。因此，大家在做模拟训练时，一定要把控好时间，在合适的时间段内，把控好正确率，从而对自己做一个考前评估!当然，模拟训练本身并不是很重要，毕竟不是真实的考试，主要是从模拟训练中发现自己的不足，从而填补自己不完整的脑海的思维导图，争取在进考场前达到十足的把握!
Text 2
The $5bn fine for Facebook by The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—assuming
it is approved by the Department of Justice—is both eye-catching and sets a new
record. The fine follows an investigation which began last March, triggered by
the Cambridge Analytica case in which personal information was leaked to a
political consultancy through a third party. Using fines to encourage better
privacy protection is a questionable strategy. If they become seen as the cost
of carrying on with business as usual, the FTC will be undermined.
The banking sector’s treatment after the financial crisis does not give
cause for hope. As with Facebook, regulators there failed to act until the
damage was plain to see. Faced with overwhelming public pressure, they hurriedly
applied hefty financial penalties to make up for it. Over a decade on from the
global financial crisis, many of the fundamental ways in which banks operate
remain worryingly unchanged.
Over the past five years the utopianism that initially prevailed around the
digital economy has been replaced by a “techlash”. Digital groups have
transformed the way companies work and offered more choice for consumers. But
the focus now is on getting tech companies to change their structure and
behaviour, rather than price fines into their business models.
Senator Elizabeth Warren, the Democratic presidential hopeful, has proposed
breaking up companies such as Facebook, Google and Amazon. In Germany,
Facebook’s attempt to pool data from across its platforms without user consent
was blocked. EU competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager is launching a
formal investigation into Amazon’s data practices and how it wears two hats, as
a retailer and a marketplace for rivals.
Antitrust actions would reduce the risks that combined data sets from
different platforms pose to privacy. Criminal sanctions for top executives,
perhaps including jail time, may ultimately be necessary to achieve genuine
changes in conduct. Until now, very few have faced any meaningful penalties for
their actions. While the “move fast and break things” mentality may be embedded
in these companies, the risk of personal consequences could act as a serious
deterrent.
Even with its $5bn settlement, Facebook’s commitment to changing its ways
when it comes to protecting user data and privacy remains dubious. Making big
data companies more sensitive to privacy will require changing their
relationship with data. Ensuring that happens needs measures and sanctions that
go well beyond fines. There is no turning back.
26. The $5bn fine for Facebook ______.
[A] triggered a lawsuit against Cambridge Analytica
[B] may be useless in protecting privacy better
[C] might be a result of a political conspiracy
[D] will undermine its international credibility
27. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?
[A] Banks was punished harsher than Facebook.
[B] The public was overwhelmed with hopelessness.
[C] Regulators’ measure turned out to be a failure.
[D] The global financial crisis lasted for a decade.
28. The word “techlash” (Para. 3) most probably means .
[A] technology-push innovation
[B] fever for digital-based industry
[C] technological unemployment
[D] resistance to tech companies
29. To achieve genuine changes in conduct, the author suggests .
[A] breaking up major technology companies
[B] carrying out more intensive investigations
[C] collecting data sets from different platforms
[D] imposing criminal penalties on executives
30. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] Fines Alone Cannot Keep Big Tech in Check
[B] FTC’ Fine Sparks the Great Privacy Awaking
[C] Cambridge Analytica: A Case Study for Privacy Protection
[D] Facebook-Cambridge Analytica: A Scandal for Tech Giants
26.【答案】B
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词The $5bn fine for
Facebook可定位到第一段。本段可分为两层：①②句介绍罚款的相关背景，③④句提出论点。③句指出，用罚款促进更好的隐私保护是一个值得怀疑的策略，B项may
be useless in protecting privacy better(对更好地保护隐私可能无效)是③句的同义改写。故正确答案为B。
【干扰项】A项利用②句中的triggered by the Cambridge Analytica case进行干扰，但将原文中的triggered
by(被动)改为triggered(主动)。C项利用②句中的political(政治)一词进行干扰，但原文根本没提到conspiracy(阴谋)。D项利用④句中的undermined(损害)一词进行干扰，但原文说的是FTC将受到损害，而非D项提到的Facebook。
27.【答案】C
【解析】本题为推断题。题干除了Paragraph
2，没有其他可定位信息，故从选项出发，一一回原文比对。③④句指出，监管机构对银行实施了巨额罚款，但十多年来，银行的许多基本经营方式仍未改变，C项是对③④句的总结。故正确答案为C。
【干扰项】A项Banks was punished harsher than
Facebook(银行受到的惩罚比Facebook更严厉)并无原文根据。B项hopelessness利用①句中的does not give cause for
hope进行干扰，但原文并没提到the public(大众)。D项The global financial crisis lasted for a
decade(全球金融危机持续了十年)是对④句Over a decade on from the global financial
crisis(全球金融危机爆发10多年来)的曲解。
28.【答案】D
【解析】本题为词义句意题。根据题干关键词techlash可定位到第三段①句，本句指出，最初围绕数字经济的utopianism
已被techlash取代，可知techlash与utopianism含义相反。utopianism(乌托邦主义)指受人欢迎的完美的理想，所以techlash应该是贬义的，不受欢迎的，D项resistance
to tech
companies(对科技公司的抵制)正确。(解法二)①句与②③句之间是总分关系。②句指出：过去科技公司给社会带来繁荣和希望(对应utopianism
)，③句指出：但现在的焦点是促使科技公司改变(对应techlash)。故正确答案为D。
【干扰项】A项利用②句transformed the way companies work(改变了企业运作方式)编造出
innovation(创新)。B项fever for digital-based
industry(对科技产业的狂热)是反向干扰。C项中的unemployment是无中生有。
29.【答案】D
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词To achieve genuine changes in
conduct定位到第五段②句：对科技公司高管进行刑事处罚，或许包括监禁，可能是让这些公司真正改变做法最终所必需的，D项imposing criminal
penalties on executives(对高管实施刑事处罚)是其同义表达。故正确答案为D。
【干扰项】A项breaking up major technology companies(拆分大科技公司)源自第四段①句breaking up
companies，但这是Elizabeth Warren的提议。B项investigations(调查)源自第四段③句launching a formal
investigation，但这是Margrethe Vestager目前的行为。C项中的data sets from different
platforms(不同平台的数据集)源自第五段①句，但这不是作者的建议。
30.【答案】A
【解析】本题为主旨大意题。本文首段由“对Facebook的50亿美元罚单”引出话题，并在段末提出全文论点：用罚款促进更好的隐私保护是一个值得怀疑的策略。A项Fines
Alone Cannot Keep Big Tech in Check(只靠罚款无法约束大型科技公司)是这一含义的概括总结。故正确答案为A。
【干扰项】B项中的Privacy虽然在文中多处有所提及，但并非文章中心。C项与D项中的Cambridge
Analytica只在第一段中作为背景出现过，不是主旨。
【参考译文】
美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对Facebook开出的50亿美元罚单(假设它获得了美国司法部的批准)既引人注目，又创下了新的纪录。此次罚款是在去年三月开始的一项调查之后发生的，该调查由“剑桥分析”案引发，在此案中，个人信息由第三方泄露给了政治咨询公司。用罚款的方式对隐私进行更好的保护是一个值得怀疑的策略。如果罚款被视为继续照常经营的成本，联邦贸易委员的权威将受到损害。
银行业在金融危机后受到的对待让人们无法感到乐观。与Facebook的情况一样，在银行业监管机构一直未采取行动，直到损失大到显而易见。面对巨大的公众压力，它们匆忙实施巨额的经济惩罚来弥补损失。全球金融危机爆发10多年来，银行的许多基本经营方式仍未曾改变，这着实令人担忧。
过去五年，最初围绕数字经济的普遍乌托邦主义已被一股“科技抵制”潮取代。数字集团改变了企业运作的方式，为消费者提供了更多的选择。但现在的重点是让科技公司改变自己的架构和行为，而不是将罚款变成它们商业模式中的成本。
民主党总统参选人、参议员伊丽莎白•沃伦已提议分拆Facebook、谷歌、亚马逊等公司。在德国，Facebook试图在未经用户同意的情况下将旗下所有平台的数据汇集到一起的行为遭到了制止。欧盟竞争事务专员玛格丽特•维斯塔格正对亚马逊的数据收集行为，以及其既作为零售商、又作为竞争对手的市场平台的双重身份，展开正式调查。
反垄断行动将降低不同平台数据集的汇合对隐私构成的风险。对科技公司高管进行刑事制裁，或许包括监禁，可能是让这些公司真正改变做法最终所必需的措施。到目前为止，几乎没有高管因为自身行为受到任何有意义的惩罚。尽管“快速行动、打破陈规”的思维方式可能已经深深嵌入这些公司，但个人承担后果的风险可以成为一项严肃的威慑。
尽管有50亿美元的和解协议，但Facebook在保护用户数据和隐私方面改变做法的承诺仍令人怀疑。要让大数据公司对隐私更加敏感，就必须改变它们与数据的关系。要想实现这一点，需要的措施和制裁远远不止是罚款。没有回头路可走。
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2021考研英语一冲刺阅读模拟试题练习2