24考研题源外刊阅读《自然》双语精读版训练–重磅突破！美国实验室实现核聚变关键“点火”
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上期翻译答案
Thatincludessystems which use onboard cameras to detect weeds among the crops and then spray pesticides, andcombineharvesters which automatically alter their own setting to waste as little grain as possible.
其中包括使用车载摄像头检测作物中的杂草然后喷洒除草剂的系统，并且联合了可以自动改变设置以尽量减少谷物浪费的收割机。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
Scientists at the world’s largest nuclear-fusionfacility have for the first time achieved the phenomenon known as ignition — creating a nuclear reaction that generates more energy than it consumes. News of the breakthrough at the US National Ignition Facility (NIF), made on 5 December and announced today by US President Joe Biden’s administration, has excited the global fusion-research community.
在世界上最大的核聚变设施工作的科学家们首次实现了“点火”的现象——从核聚变反应中产生的能量比其消耗的能量更多。美国总统乔·拜登政府今天宣布，美国国家点火装置于12月5日取得突破性进展，让全球聚变研究界都感到振奋不已。
That research aims to harness nuclear fusion — the phenomenon that powers the Sun — to provide a source of near-limitless clean energy on Earth. Researchers caution that, despite this latest success, a long path remains to achieving that goal.
这项研究旨在利用核聚变——这个现象是太阳能量的来源——为地球提供一种近乎无限量的清洁能源。研究人员警告说，尽管取得了最新的成功，但实现这一目标还有很长的路要走。
The facility used its set of 192 lasers to deliver 2.05 megajoules of energy onto a pea-sized gold cylinder containing a frozenpelletof the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium. The laser’s pulse of energy caused the capsule to collapse, reaching temperatures only seen in stars and thermonuclear weapons, and the hydrogen isotopesfused intohelium, releasing additional energy and creating acascadeof fusion reactions. The laboratory’s analysis suggests that the reaction released some 3.15 MJ of energy — roughly 54% more than went into the reaction, and more than double the previous record of 1.3 MJ.
该装置由192台激光器构成，可以把2.05兆焦耳的能量传递到一个豌豆大小的金色圆筒上，圆筒中装有氢同位素氘和氚的冷冻颗粒。激光的能量脉冲使颗粒坍缩，产生只有在恒星和热核武器中才能观察到的温度，氢同位素融合成氦，释放额外的能量，并产生一连串的聚变反应。实验室的分析表明，这个反应可以释放约3.15兆焦耳的能量——大约比进入反应的能量多54%，是之前记录的1.3兆焦耳的两倍多。
“Fusion research has been going on since the early 1950s, and this is the first time in the laboratory that fusion has ever produced more energy than it consumed,” says Campbell. However, although the fusion reactions produced more than 3 MJ of energy — more than was delivered to the target — NIF’s lasers consumed 322 MJ of energy in the process. Still, the experiment qualifies as ignition, abenchmarkcriterion for fusion reactions.
坎贝尔说：“自20世纪50年代初，就一直在开展核聚变研究，这是首次在实验室中发现核聚变产生的能量超过其消耗的能量。”然而，尽管聚变反应产生了3兆多焦耳的能量——比传递给目标的能量还要多——但国家点火装置的激光在这个过程中消耗了322兆焦耳的能量。不过，点火实验仍有资格作为聚变反应的基准标准。
On one level, it’s about proving what is possible, and many scientists have hailed the result as a milestone in fusion science. But the results carry particular significance at NIF: the facility was designed to help nuclear-weapons scientists study the intense heat and pressures inside explosions, and that is possible only if the laboratory produces high-yield fusion reactions. The latest results have already renewed buzz about a future powered by clean fusion energy, but experts warn that there is a long road ahead.
某种程度上讲，这是为了证明这一过程的可能性，很多科学家都称赞这一结果是核聚变科学的里程碑。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~最新的研究结果已经再次引发了人们对一个由清洁核聚变供能的未来的热议，但专家提醒，未来还有很长的路要走。
本文节选自：Nature（自然）
发布时间：2022.12.13
作者：Jeff Tollefson
原文标题：Nuclear-fusion lab achieves ‘ignition’: what does it mean?
词汇积累
1. fusion
/ˈfjuːʒən/
n. 融合，结合; 核聚变; 熔化; 融合物
2. pellet
/ˈpɛlɪt/
n.小球；（军）小子弹（枪用）；（生科）沉淀物
vt.将……制成丸状；用子弹打；用小球扔
3.cascade
/kæsˈkeɪd/
n. 小瀑布(尤指大瀑布的一支); 流注; 瀑布状物; 倾泻(或涌出)的东西; (很快发生的)一连串事情
v. (水)倾泻，流注; 大量落下，垂下; 连续传递，传授; 使(装置，物品)串联
4. benchmark
/ˈbɛntʃˌmɑːk/
n. 基准; (监测计算机性能的)基准(问题)标准检查程序; (测量高度的)水准点，基准点
v. (根据某种标准)评估，衡量; 基准问题检测结果为
词组搭配
1.fuse into 融合成；熔化
写作句总结
原句：On one level, it’s about proving what is possible, and many scientists have hailed the result as a milestone in fusion science.
结构：On one level, it’s about proving xxx.
例句：On one level, it’s about proving that doing the right thing can have a positive impact on the world.
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