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今日冬至，大家吃饺子了吗？冬至是中国农历中一个重要的节气，也是中华民族的一个传统节日，那么“冬至”用英语怎么说呢?我们一起来学习吧。
冬至，“至”是极致的意思，冬藏之气至此而极。
The energy (qi) stored in winter reaches its peak on Dong Zhi or the winter solstice (Zhi means to the greatest level or extent).
阴极之至，阳气始生，日南至，日短之至，日影长之至，故曰「冬至」。早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代，中国就已经用土圭观测太阳，测定出了冬至，它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个，时间在每年的阳历12月21日至23日之间，这一天是北半球全年中白天最短、夜晚最长的一天。
The energy (qi) of Yang begins to grow when Yin is at its greatest. Days are of the shortest duration, and shadows are of the longest length when the sun is at its most southern position. Thus it is ‘winter solstice’. Earthen sundials were used in China as early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period to observe the sun, and measure and determine the winter solstice. The winter solstice is the earliest formulated solar term of the 24 solar terms. It occurs every year between December 21st and 23rd on the solar calendar. This is the day on the northern hemisphere with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year.
中国古代把冬至分为三候：“一候蚯蚓结，二候麋角解，三候水泉动。”传说蚯蚓是阴曲阳伸的生物，冬至之后，阳气虽已生长，但阴气仍然十分强盛，土中的蚯蚓仍然蜷缩着身体；麋与鹿同科，却阴阳不同，古人认为麋的角朝后生，所以为阴，而冬至一阳生，麋感阴气渐退而解角；由于阳气初生，所以山中的泉水可以流动并且温热。
Winter was separated into three periods in ancient China: “In the first period earthworms curl up. In the second period elk antlers fall off. In the third period spring water flows.” Legend has it that earthworms curl up when the energy of Yin increases. Though the energy (qi) of Yang is already growing after the winter solstice, the energy (qi) of Yin is still very powerful. The earthworms in the soil still curl up their bodies. Elk and deer are of the same family, but have different Yin and Yang attributes. The ancients believed that elk antlers grew backwards, therefore elk antlers were Yin. Elk feel the energy (qi) of Yin gradually dissipating when Yang grows after the winter solstice and then their antlers fall off. Spring waters in mountains begin to flow and turn warm due to the renewal of the energy (qi) of Yang.
冬至节
中国古代有一种说法，“冬至与春节一样重要。”
here was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival.”
早在周朝(公元前11世纪-公元前256年)，人们就在冬至的第一天祭拜神灵，也就是新年的第一天。
As early as the Zhou Dynasty (c.11th century-256BC), people worshipped the gods on the first day of the Winter Solstice, which also was the first day of the new year.
冬至在汉代(公元前206年-公元220年)成为一个冬季节日。庆祝活动正式组织。在这一天，官员和老百姓都会休息。
The Winter Solstice became a winter festival during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220AD). The celebratory activities were officially organized. On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest.
在随后的朝代，如唐(618-907)，宋(960-1279)和清(1644-1911)，冬至是祭天和祭祖的日子。
During subsequent dynasties, such as the Tang (618-907), Song (960-1279) and Qing dynasties (1644-1911), the Winter Solstice was a day to offer sacrifices to Heaven and to ancestors.
气候特点
冬至天文学上把冬至作为冬季的开始，对于我国多数地区来说，显然偏迟。冬至期间，西北高原平均气温普遍在0℃以下，南方地区也只有6℃至8℃左右。西南低海拔河谷地区，即使在当地最冷的1月上旬，平均气温仍然在10℃以上，可谓秋去春来，全年无冬。
The winter solstice is designated as the beginning of winter in astronomy. There are clear differences in climate during the winter solstice in many regions of China. The northwestern plateaus have an average temperature below 0℃ during the winter solstice. Southern regions have temperatures of only around 6℃ to 8℃. The average temperatures of the southwestern low altitude river valley regions are still above 10℃ even during the coldest time of the year locally in mid-January. You could say that autumn is followed by spring, and there is no winter throughout the year.
冬至日外出中国古代对冬至很重视，冬至被当作一个较大节日，曾有“冬至大如年”的说法，而且有庆贺冬至的习俗。人们认为：过了冬至，白昼一天比一天长，阳气回升，是一个节气循环的开始，也是一个吉日，应该庆贺。
Great importance was attached to going out on the day of winter solstice in ancient China. Winter solstice was a relatively large festival. There was once a saying that said “winter solstice is as grand as the Spring Festival”. There was also a custom of celebrating the winter solstice. People believed that: days grew longer and the energy (qi) of Yang increased again after the winter solstice. It was the beginning of another solar term cycle, and also an auspicious day that should be celebrated.
冬至日是一年中白天时间最短的一天，过了冬至以后，太阳直射点逐渐向北移动，北半球白天逐渐变长，夜间逐渐变短，有俗话说，“吃了冬至面，一天长一线。冬至开始“数九”，冬至日成了“数九”的第一天。关于“数九”，民间流传着的歌谣说：“一九、二九不出手，三九、四九冰上走，五九、六九沿河看柳，七九河开，八九燕来，九九加一九，耕牛遍地走。”
The day of the winter solstice is the shortest day of the year. The point where the sun directly shines gradually moves north after the winter solstice. The days in the northern hemisphere gradually lengthen and nights gradually shorten. There is an old saying that goes, “Days become longer each day after eating winter solstice noodles.” Following the winter solstice, many places in China go through the coldest period, which is called in Chinese, “Shu Jiu”, meaning counting nine. “Shu Jiu” consists of nine Nine-Day Periods. The day of the winter solstice is the first day of the “Shu Jiu”. There is a folk song handed down among the people about the “Shu Jiu” or Counting Nine: “It is too cold to take your hands out form your pockets during the first and second nine days. Walk on ice during the third and fourth nine days. Enjoy the willow trees along the river on the fifth and sixth nine days. Rivers flow during the seventh nine days. Swallows come back during the eighth nine days. Farm cattle work in the field everywhere during the ninth and tenth nine days.”
节气习俗
冬至俗称“冬节”。
The winter solstice is also called dongjie , meaning winter festival.
北方吃水饺
People in the North Eat Dumplings
每年冬至，不论贫富，饺子是必不可少的节日饭。谚云：“十一月，冬至到，家家户户吃水饺。”这种习俗，是因纪念“医圣”张仲景冬至舍药留下的。
Whether rich or poor, dumplings are an indispensable holiday food on the day of winter solstice . There is a saying that goes: “All families eat dumplings when winter solstice arrives in the eleventh lunar month.” This custom has been preserved in order to commemorate the “medical sage” Zhang Zhongjing who donated medicine to the poor on the winter solstice.
各地在冬至时有不同的风俗，但多数地方有冬至吃饺子的习俗。冬至经过数千年发展，形成了独特的节令食文化，吃饺子成为多数中国人冬至的风俗。
Different places have different customs during the winter solstice. However, a majority of places have a custom of eating dumplings on the winter solstice. A distinctive seasonal dining culture has formed during the winter solstice over the course of thousands of years of development. Eating dumplings has become a winter solstice custom for the majority of Chinese people.
南方吃汤圆
People in the South Eat Glutinous Rice Flour Balls
汉族民谚云：“冬节大如年”、“冬节没返没祖宗”。意思是外出的人，到冬至这一天无论如何要赶回家敬拜祖宗，否则就是没有祖家观念。海峡两岸的同胞，都很看重冬至，把冬至当作团圆节。
A Han Chinese folk proverb says: “Winter solstice is as grand as the Spring Festival” and “If you don’t return home on the winter solstice, you have no reverence to your ancestors”. What it means is that people away from home have to return home by all possible means to praise and worship their ancestors on the winter solstice. Otherwise, they do not have the concept of ancestor veneration in their minds. People in the Mainland and Taiwan both highly value the winter solstice, and regard it as a festival of reunion.
广东潮汕的人们吃了冬节圆后，还要在家宅的门、窗、桌、橱、梯、床等显眼处粘附两粒冬节圆，甚至渔家的船首，农户耕牛的牛角，果农种植的果树也不例外。现代台湾著名学者林再复在《闽南人》一书中描述台湾冬节之日“家家户户清晨要以冬至圆仔致祭祖先……从大门、小门、窗门、仓门、床、柜、桌、井、厕、牛舍、猪舍都得以冬至圆一二粒在上面，祭告一番，以求保佑一家大小平安”。
After eating winter solstice rice balls the people of the Chaoshan Area in Guangdong Province also adhere two winter solstice rice balls on the highly visible areas of their homes like doors, windows, tables, cabinets, stairs, and beds. They even adhere them to the bows of the boats of fisherman’s families, the horns of the farming cattle of peasant households, and the fruit trees grown by fruit farmers. The famous modern Taiwanese scholar Lin Zaifu in his book “The People of Minnan” described a winter festival day in Taiwan: “All families have to offer winter solstice rice balls to their ancestors in the morning….From the large gate, small gate, windows, granary doors, beds, cabinets, tables, wells, restrooms, to ox tails, and pig tails, all have one or two winter solstice rice balls on them. They are offered in order to request their ancestors to bless, protect, and ensure the safety of the members of the family.”
吃馄饨
Eating wontons
苏州人习惯在冬至吃馄饨。根据历史传说，在2500年前的冬至时节，吴国国王厌倦了各类珍馐，想换个口味。为满足吴王的心愿，西施去厨房做了一碗馄饨。吴王很喜欢，吃了一大碗。为了纪念西施，苏州人会在冬至做馄饨庆祝节日。
People in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, are accustomed to eating wontons in midwinter. According to legend, during the midwinter feast 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. To commemorate Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival.
吃坚果类食物
Eating nuts
冬天时户外活动减少，在这段时期，吃一些诸如花生、核桃、栗子等坚果类食物对身体大有好处。坚果类食物有养肾强心脑的功能。
When midwinter comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, eating an appropriate amount of nuts, such as peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts and almonds, is good for one’s body. Traditional Chinese medical science teaches that the quality of a nut is tepidity and most nuts have the function of nourishing the kidneys and strengthening the brain and heart.
吃羊肉粉汤
Eating mutton and vermicelli soup
在宁夏银川，大家称冬至为“鬼节”，这天的习俗是吃羊肉粉汤饺子。此外，他们还给这道美味起了个古怪的名字“头脑”。粉汤饺子做好后还要给邻居端上一碗。
In Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, people call midwinter the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, it is customary for people there to drink mutton and vermicelli soup and eat the dumplings in the soup. They give the midwinter soup a strange name: “brain” and share it with their neighbors.
吃年糕
Eating rice cakes
杭州居民有冬至吃年糕的传统。过去家家户户都会在冬至到来前制作年糕来供奉先人或者馈赠亲友。
During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In the past, before the approach of the Winter Solstice, every household would make the cakes to worship their ancestors or use as gifts for relatives and friends.
染素梅
Color in Plum Blossoms
画一枝素梅，枝上画梅花九朵，每朵梅花九个花瓣，共八十一瓣，代表「数九寒天」的八十一天。每天用颜色染上梅花的一朵花瓣，涂完九朵梅花，就出「九」了。
Draw a plum blossom tree with nine plum blossoms. Draw nine flower petals on each plum blossom for a total of 81 petals to represent the 81 days of the “Cold Days of the Nine Periods”. Color in one petal every day. You will exit the “Nine Periods” when all of the plum blossoms are colored in.
有诗人云：「冬至后，贴梅花一枝于窗间，佳人晓妆，日以胭脂日图一圈，八十一圈既足，变作杏花，即暖回矣。」美人梳妆时用胭脂点染梅图，八十一天后，素梅化红杏，春意喧闹，颇有雅趣。
A poet wrote: “Draw a branch of plain plum blossoms on the window after the winter solstice. When a beauty applies make up, she colors in one petal with rouge each day. It is complete after 81 petals. Warmth has returned when the plum blossoms transform into apricot blossoms.” A beautiful woman would use rouge to color in a picture of plum blossoms when applying makeup. The plum blossoms become apricot blossoms after 81 days. The excitement of the beginning of spring possesses quite an elegant charm.
描书法
Trace in Calligraphy
繁体字「亭前垂柳珍重待春風」，九字每字九划，共八十一划。从冬至开始每天按笔画描一笔，这句话都描完时，垂柳青青，春风凉爽，春回大地。
The nine traditional characters “亭前垂柳珍重待春風” is a poetic line meaning that the willow trees in front of the pavilion waiting for balmy spring breezes Each character has nine strokes for a total of 81 strokes in all the nine characters. Trace in each stroke every day starting on the winter solstice. Weeping willows are green, spring breezes are pleasantly cool, and spring has returned when the verse line is fully traced in.
当然，也可根据天气情况按不同的颜色描，晴为红，阴为黑，雨为蓝，风为黄，落雪则白。全部涂完色彩斑斓，记录着冬去春来的过程。
Of course, the characters can be traced in with different colors according to weather conditions. Clear skies are red. Cloudy skies are black. Rain is blue. Wind is yellow. Falling snow is white. The colors are gorgeous when all characters are traced in, and indeed record the process of spring arriving after winter.
冬至养生
针灸通穴
冬至是阴阳二气的自然转化，这个阴阳交接的时候艾灸神阙穴是激发身体阳气上升的最佳时间。在冬至前后四天，加上冬至这一天共九天中，可以通过用艾条灸神阙穴的方法养生。把艾条点着后以肚脐为中心，熏灼肚脐周围就可以了。注意不要烫到皮肤，有温热的感觉即可。每天一次，每次15—20分钟。
Winter solstice is the natural transformation of the two energies (qi) of Yin and Yang. It is the best time to stimulate the Shenque acupuncture reflex point using the moxibustion therapy to increase the energy (qi) of Yang in the body. The moxibustion acupuncture therapy is adopted to preserve health during the total of nine days on the respective four days before and after winter solstice in addition to the day of the winter solstice. Light the moxa stick, and with the belly button as the center, heat the area surrounding the belly button. Make sure not to burn the skin. A warm sensation is enough. Do this once a day for 15-20 minutes each session.
神阙穴是五脏六腑之本，为任脉、冲脉循行之地、元气归藏之根，为连接人体先天与后天之要穴。艾灸神阙穴可益气补阳，温肾健脾，祛风除湿，温阳救逆，温通经络，调和气血，对身体非常有好处，甚至会使人第二年都少生病。
According to the acupuncture theory, Shenque acupuncture point is the basis of the internal organs of the body, the places where the Ren channels and Chong channels circulate, the root of the Primoridal energy (yuanqi), and the crucial acupuncture reflex point for connecting the congenital and acquired qi of the human body. The moxibustion of Shenque acupuncture point can tonify vital energy (qi), recuperate Yang, warm the kidneys, strengthen the spleen, relieve rheumatic pains, get rid of internal dampness, warm Yang and the meridians, and regulate energy (qi) and blood. It is said to be fairly beneficial for the body, and even able to lessen the number of times people fall ill in the following year.
晚间泡脚
中医认为，人体中的寒气是由大地经足部进入人体的，因此，多泡脚可有效帮助女性保暖。但泡脚一定要坚持，不可三天打渔两天晒网，只有长期坚持，才能起到保健养生、防寒保暖的功效。
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the cold energy (qi) in the body enter the body through the feet from the ground. Hence, soaking one’s feet in hot water can effectively help women to stay warm. However, be sure to be consistent from beginning to end in soaking one’s feet in hot water. You cannot work by fits and starts. Only by remaining consistent for a long period of time can this technique produce a health maintaining, cold resisting, and warmth retaining effect.
诗词鉴赏
邯郸冬至夜思家
白居易
邯郸驿里逢冬至，
抱膝灯前影伴身。
想得家中夜深坐，
还应说著远行人。
Thinking of Home on Winter Solstice Night at Handan
Bai Juyi
At roadside inn I pass the Winter Solstice Day,
Clasping my knees, my shadow is my company,
I think, till dead of night my family would stay,
And talk about the poor lonely wayfaring me.
（许渊冲 译）
小至
杜甫
天时人事日相催，
冬至阳生春又来。
刺绣五纹添弱线，
吹葭六琯动浮灰。
岸容待腊将舒柳，
山意冲寒欲放梅。
云物不殊乡国异，
教儿且覆掌中杯。
Winter Solstice
Du Fu
Heaven and earth press for a change from day to day;
On winter solstice spring will come without delay.
The embroiderer adds in an hour one more thread;
When six reed pipes are blown, up and down ashes spread.
The rivershores wait to be greened by willow trees;
The coldproof mountain sets mume blossoms at release.
The scenery here looks fine as in our homeland;
I tell my son to drink up the cup in his hand.
（许渊冲、许明 译）
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考研 英语怎么说(参加考研英语怎么说)